1 00:00:32,329 --> 00:00:43,810 32 2 00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:43,820 3 00:00:43,820 --> 00:00:51,069 Oh 4 00:00:51,069 --> 00:00:51,079 5 00:00:51,079 --> 00:01:09,960 bugger of a high gas key 6 00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:09,970 7 00:01:09,970 --> 00:01:13,420 you 8 00:01:13,420 --> 00:01:13,430 9 00:01:13,430 --> 00:01:17,980 I am 10 00:01:17,980 --> 00:01:17,990 11 00:01:17,990 --> 00:01:20,719 welcome to this edition of NASA images 12 00:01:20,719 --> 00:01:20,729 welcome to this edition of NASA images 13 00:01:20,729 --> 00:01:23,719 welcome to this edition of NASA images I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show will 14 00:01:23,719 --> 00:01:23,729 I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show will 15 00:01:23,729 --> 00:01:26,179 I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show will be focusing on historic NASA footage of 16 00:01:26,179 --> 00:01:26,189 be focusing on historic NASA footage of 17 00:01:26,189 --> 00:01:28,940 be focusing on historic NASA footage of airplane work will see many tests 18 00:01:28,940 --> 00:01:28,950 airplane work will see many tests 19 00:01:28,950 --> 00:01:31,609 airplane work will see many tests including crash tests let's go back to 20 00:01:31,609 --> 00:01:31,619 including crash tests let's go back to 21 00:01:31,619 --> 00:01:33,980 including crash tests let's go back to nineteen seventy-four to the NASA 22 00:01:33,980 --> 00:01:33,990 nineteen seventy-four to the NASA 23 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:36,260 nineteen seventy-four to the NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia for 24 00:01:36,260 --> 00:01:36,270 Langley Research Center in Virginia for 25 00:01:36,270 --> 00:01:48,370 Langley Research Center in Virginia for that 26 00:01:48,370 --> 00:01:48,380 27 00:01:48,380 --> 00:01:50,630 although the safety record of light 28 00:01:50,630 --> 00:01:50,640 although the safety record of light 29 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:52,940 although the safety record of light aircraft continues to improve there 30 00:01:52,940 --> 00:01:52,950 aircraft continues to improve there 31 00:01:52,950 --> 00:01:55,580 aircraft continues to improve there still were 700 crashes in the US last 32 00:01:55,580 --> 00:01:55,590 still were 700 crashes in the US last 33 00:01:55,590 --> 00:01:58,130 still were 700 crashes in the US last year resulting in more than 1,300 34 00:01:58,130 --> 00:01:58,140 year resulting in more than 1,300 35 00:01:58,140 --> 00:02:01,310 year resulting in more than 1,300 fatalities up till now there has been no 36 00:02:01,310 --> 00:02:01,320 fatalities up till now there has been no 37 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:03,200 fatalities up till now there has been no reliable method of predicting the 38 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:03,210 reliable method of predicting the 39 00:02:03,210 --> 00:02:05,660 reliable method of predicting the behavior of general aviation planes when 40 00:02:05,660 --> 00:02:05,670 behavior of general aviation planes when 41 00:02:05,670 --> 00:02:08,660 behavior of general aviation planes when they do crash in a joint project with 42 00:02:08,660 --> 00:02:08,670 they do crash in a joint project with 43 00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:11,330 they do crash in a joint project with the FAA NASA is beginning a light 44 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:11,340 the FAA NASA is beginning a light 45 00:02:11,340 --> 00:02:13,670 the FAA NASA is beginning a light aircraft crash safety program at the 46 00:02:13,670 --> 00:02:13,680 aircraft crash safety program at the 47 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:16,820 aircraft crash safety program at the langley research center in Virginia this 48 00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:16,830 langley research center in Virginia this 49 00:02:16,830 --> 00:02:19,160 langley research center in Virginia this is one of 20 flood-damaged planes that 50 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:19,170 is one of 20 flood-damaged planes that 51 00:02:19,170 --> 00:02:23,510 is one of 20 flood-damaged planes that will be tested the actual facility was 52 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:23,520 will be tested the actual facility was 53 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:26,150 will be tested the actual facility was originally used by Apollo astronauts to 54 00:02:26,150 --> 00:02:26,160 originally used by Apollo astronauts to 55 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:28,390 originally used by Apollo astronauts to practice landing on the moon the 56 00:02:28,390 --> 00:02:28,400 practice landing on the moon the 57 00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:31,580 practice landing on the moon the 240-foot high by 400 foot long lunar 58 00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:31,590 240-foot high by 400 foot long lunar 59 00:02:31,590 --> 00:02:34,100 240-foot high by 400 foot long lunar landing practice area is now laced with 60 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:34,110 landing practice area is now laced with 61 00:02:34,110 --> 00:02:36,320 landing practice area is now laced with cables which are attached to the highly 62 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:36,330 cables which are attached to the highly 63 00:02:36,330 --> 00:02:38,570 cables which are attached to the highly instrumented aircraft before it comes 64 00:02:38,570 --> 00:02:38,580 instrumented aircraft before it comes 65 00:02:38,580 --> 00:02:42,440 instrumented aircraft before it comes crashing to the ground dummies riding in 66 00:02:42,440 --> 00:02:42,450 crashing to the ground dummies riding in 67 00:02:42,450 --> 00:02:44,330 crashing to the ground dummies riding in the passenger seats are instrumented to 68 00:02:44,330 --> 00:02:44,340 the passenger seats are instrumented to 69 00:02:44,340 --> 00:02:48,020 the passenger seats are instrumented to measure g-forces engineers hope to learn 70 00:02:48,020 --> 00:02:48,030 measure g-forces engineers hope to learn 71 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:50,120 measure g-forces engineers hope to learn what happens to an airframe structure 72 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:50,130 what happens to an airframe structure 73 00:02:50,130 --> 00:02:52,460 what happens to an airframe structure when it impacts and to develop an 74 00:02:52,460 --> 00:02:52,470 when it impacts and to develop an 75 00:02:52,470 --> 00:02:54,740 when it impacts and to develop an analytical design tool that can be 76 00:02:54,740 --> 00:02:54,750 analytical design tool that can be 77 00:02:54,750 --> 00:02:56,509 analytical design tool that can be turned over to the designers and 78 00:02:56,509 --> 00:02:56,519 turned over to the designers and 79 00:02:56,519 --> 00:02:59,810 turned over to the designers and builders of general aviation planes for 80 00:02:59,810 --> 00:02:59,820 builders of general aviation planes for 81 00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:02,180 builders of general aviation planes for this first check out test the plane is 82 00:03:02,180 --> 00:03:02,190 this first check out test the plane is 83 00:03:02,190 --> 00:03:04,220 this first check out test the plane is complete except for tail section and 84 00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:04,230 complete except for tail section and 85 00:03:04,230 --> 00:03:06,680 complete except for tail section and engines comparable weights take the 86 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:06,690 engines comparable weights take the 87 00:03:06,690 --> 00:03:08,720 engines comparable weights take the place of missing parts and the fuel 88 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:08,730 place of missing parts and the fuel 89 00:03:08,730 --> 00:03:10,640 place of missing parts and the fuel tanks are filled with water for weight 90 00:03:10,640 --> 00:03:10,650 tanks are filled with water for weight 91 00:03:10,650 --> 00:03:15,920 tanks are filled with water for weight and balance this first crash was made at 92 00:03:15,920 --> 00:03:15,930 and balance this first crash was made at 93 00:03:15,930 --> 00:03:18,140 and balance this first crash was made at an impact speed of 30 miles per hour 94 00:03:18,140 --> 00:03:18,150 an impact speed of 30 miles per hour 95 00:03:18,150 --> 00:03:21,140 an impact speed of 30 miles per hour future drops will be at speeds up to 60 96 00:03:21,140 --> 00:03:21,150 future drops will be at speeds up to 60 97 00:03:21,150 --> 00:03:34,839 future drops will be at speeds up to 60 miles per hour 98 00:03:34,839 --> 00:03:34,849 99 00:03:34,849 --> 00:03:37,490 here you can see some of the resulting 100 00:03:37,490 --> 00:03:37,500 here you can see some of the resulting 101 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,830 here you can see some of the resulting damage most of which was confined to the 102 00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:39,840 damage most of which was confined to the 103 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:42,099 damage most of which was confined to the nose and underside of the aircraft 104 00:03:42,099 --> 00:03:42,109 nose and underside of the aircraft 105 00:03:42,109 --> 00:03:44,330 nose and underside of the aircraft describing the program that will follow 106 00:03:44,330 --> 00:03:44,340 describing the program that will follow 107 00:03:44,340 --> 00:03:46,699 describing the program that will follow this series of Christ tests Langley 108 00:03:46,699 --> 00:03:46,709 this series of Christ tests Langley 109 00:03:46,709 --> 00:03:49,729 this series of Christ tests Langley engineer Bob Thompson or in the future 110 00:03:49,729 --> 00:03:49,739 engineer Bob Thompson or in the future 111 00:03:49,739 --> 00:03:52,670 engineer Bob Thompson or in the future what we hope to learn is to to integrate 112 00:03:52,670 --> 00:03:52,680 what we hope to learn is to to integrate 113 00:03:52,680 --> 00:03:55,429 what we hope to learn is to to integrate some energy absorption concepts into 114 00:03:55,429 --> 00:03:55,439 some energy absorption concepts into 115 00:03:55,439 --> 00:03:59,119 some energy absorption concepts into airframe design technology this gives 116 00:03:59,119 --> 00:03:59,129 airframe design technology this gives 117 00:03:59,129 --> 00:04:01,789 airframe design technology this gives the aircraft designer some means of 118 00:04:01,789 --> 00:04:01,799 the aircraft designer some means of 119 00:04:01,799 --> 00:04:04,039 the aircraft designer some means of putting together the energy absorption 120 00:04:04,039 --> 00:04:04,049 putting together the energy absorption 121 00:04:04,049 --> 00:04:07,990 putting together the energy absorption concepts with the airframe 122 00:04:07,990 --> 00:04:08,000 concepts with the airframe 123 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,670 concepts with the airframe crashworthiness tests like these may one 124 00:04:10,670 --> 00:04:10,680 crashworthiness tests like these may one 125 00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:12,410 crashworthiness tests like these may one day lead to the design of lightweight 126 00:04:12,410 --> 00:04:12,420 day lead to the design of lightweight 127 00:04:12,420 --> 00:04:14,449 day lead to the design of lightweight aircraft that can absorb much of the 128 00:04:14,449 --> 00:04:14,459 aircraft that can absorb much of the 129 00:04:14,459 --> 00:04:17,089 aircraft that can absorb much of the impact energy of a crash and hopefully 130 00:04:17,089 --> 00:04:17,099 impact energy of a crash and hopefully 131 00:04:17,099 --> 00:04:22,730 impact energy of a crash and hopefully reduce fatalities 132 00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:22,740 133 00:04:22,740 --> 00:04:27,450 in 1975 NASA Langley engineers are crash 134 00:04:27,450 --> 00:04:27,460 in 1975 NASA Langley engineers are crash 135 00:04:27,460 --> 00:04:36,690 in 1975 NASA Langley engineers are crash testing helicopters they're dropping 136 00:04:36,690 --> 00:04:36,700 testing helicopters they're dropping 137 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:38,340 testing helicopters they're dropping things on purpose at NASA's Langley 138 00:04:38,340 --> 00:04:38,350 things on purpose at NASA's Langley 139 00:04:38,350 --> 00:04:41,340 things on purpose at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia in this case 140 00:04:41,340 --> 00:04:41,350 Research Center in Virginia in this case 141 00:04:41,350 --> 00:04:45,380 Research Center in Virginia in this case a 22,000 pound army helicopter the big 142 00:04:45,380 --> 00:04:45,390 a 22,000 pound army helicopter the big 143 00:04:45,390 --> 00:04:47,610 a 22,000 pound army helicopter the big ch-47 helicopter had earlier been 144 00:04:47,610 --> 00:04:47,620 ch-47 helicopter had earlier been 145 00:04:47,620 --> 00:04:49,770 ch-47 helicopter had earlier been damaged by fire at the plant where it 146 00:04:49,770 --> 00:04:49,780 damaged by fire at the plant where it 147 00:04:49,780 --> 00:04:51,900 damaged by fire at the plant where it was manufactured making it a good 148 00:04:51,900 --> 00:04:51,910 was manufactured making it a good 149 00:04:51,910 --> 00:04:54,740 was manufactured making it a good candidate for the crashworthiness test 150 00:04:54,740 --> 00:04:54,750 candidate for the crashworthiness test 151 00:04:54,750 --> 00:04:58,500 candidate for the crashworthiness test watch again this time in slow motion as 152 00:04:58,500 --> 00:04:58,510 watch again this time in slow motion as 153 00:04:58,510 --> 00:05:00,720 watch again this time in slow motion as the helicopter is dropped 50 feet to the 154 00:05:00,720 --> 00:05:00,730 the helicopter is dropped 50 feet to the 155 00:05:00,730 --> 00:05:04,800 the helicopter is dropped 50 feet to the concrete below the highly instrumented 156 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:04,810 concrete below the highly instrumented 157 00:05:04,810 --> 00:05:06,990 concrete below the highly instrumented craft is being used in a cooperative 158 00:05:06,990 --> 00:05:07,000 craft is being used in a cooperative 159 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:09,720 craft is being used in a cooperative test experiment with the US Army to 160 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:09,730 test experiment with the US Army to 161 00:05:09,730 --> 00:05:11,940 test experiment with the US Army to improve design and safety features of 162 00:05:11,940 --> 00:05:11,950 improve design and safety features of 163 00:05:11,950 --> 00:05:15,120 improve design and safety features of future helicopters crashworthiness tests 164 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:15,130 future helicopters crashworthiness tests 165 00:05:15,130 --> 00:05:17,520 future helicopters crashworthiness tests giving aircraft designers important 166 00:05:17,520 --> 00:05:17,530 giving aircraft designers important 167 00:05:17,530 --> 00:05:20,040 giving aircraft designers important structural information before they go to 168 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:20,050 structural information before they go to 169 00:05:20,050 --> 00:05:23,490 structural information before they go to the drawing boards one of the possible 170 00:05:23,490 --> 00:05:23,500 the drawing boards one of the possible 171 00:05:23,500 --> 00:05:25,710 the drawing boards one of the possible problems with which pilots must deal 172 00:05:25,710 --> 00:05:25,720 problems with which pilots must deal 173 00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:28,530 problems with which pilots must deal when landing planes is wake turbulence 174 00:05:28,530 --> 00:05:28,540 when landing planes is wake turbulence 175 00:05:28,540 --> 00:05:36,430 when landing planes is wake turbulence or vortices of air which trails planes 176 00:05:36,430 --> 00:05:36,440 177 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:39,790 ah 178 00:05:39,790 --> 00:05:39,800 179 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:43,640 these model airplanes have something in 180 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:43,650 these model airplanes have something in 181 00:05:43,650 --> 00:05:53,930 these model airplanes have something in common with these real planes 182 00:05:53,930 --> 00:05:53,940 183 00:05:53,940 --> 00:05:56,210 they are all part of a NASA research 184 00:05:56,210 --> 00:05:56,220 they are all part of a NASA research 185 00:05:56,220 --> 00:05:58,720 they are all part of a NASA research program to learn more about vortices 186 00:05:58,720 --> 00:05:58,730 program to learn more about vortices 187 00:05:58,730 --> 00:06:01,430 program to learn more about vortices tornado-like patterns of air the trail 188 00:06:01,430 --> 00:06:01,440 tornado-like patterns of air the trail 189 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:03,950 tornado-like patterns of air the trail behind the wings of airplanes causing 190 00:06:03,950 --> 00:06:03,960 behind the wings of airplanes causing 191 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:07,010 behind the wings of airplanes causing varying degrees of turbulence Dave Scott 192 00:06:07,010 --> 00:06:07,020 varying degrees of turbulence Dave Scott 193 00:06:07,020 --> 00:06:08,990 varying degrees of turbulence Dave Scott acting director of NASA's Flight 194 00:06:08,990 --> 00:06:09,000 acting director of NASA's Flight 195 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:11,180 acting director of NASA's Flight Research Center in California explains 196 00:06:11,180 --> 00:06:11,190 Research Center in California explains 197 00:06:11,190 --> 00:06:14,630 Research Center in California explains the vortices are dangerous because these 198 00:06:14,630 --> 00:06:14,640 the vortices are dangerous because these 199 00:06:14,640 --> 00:06:16,940 the vortices are dangerous because these bundles of energy as they follow behind 200 00:06:16,940 --> 00:06:16,950 bundles of energy as they follow behind 201 00:06:16,950 --> 00:06:20,450 bundles of energy as they follow behind the aircraft leaving a wake have the 202 00:06:20,450 --> 00:06:20,460 the aircraft leaving a wake have the 203 00:06:20,460 --> 00:06:22,520 the aircraft leaving a wake have the capability of turning over smaller 204 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:22,530 capability of turning over smaller 205 00:06:22,530 --> 00:06:25,310 capability of turning over smaller aircraft as they approach a landing and 206 00:06:25,310 --> 00:06:25,320 aircraft as they approach a landing and 207 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:27,710 aircraft as they approach a landing and because of this we have a great deal of 208 00:06:27,710 --> 00:06:27,720 because of this we have a great deal of 209 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,200 because of this we have a great deal of concern that many accidents can be 210 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:30,210 concern that many accidents can be 211 00:06:30,210 --> 00:06:33,320 concern that many accidents can be caused by the vortices are these bundles 212 00:06:33,320 --> 00:06:33,330 caused by the vortices are these bundles 213 00:06:33,330 --> 00:06:35,540 caused by the vortices are these bundles of energies that they attempt to turn 214 00:06:35,540 --> 00:06:35,550 of energies that they attempt to turn 215 00:06:35,550 --> 00:06:38,390 of energies that they attempt to turn over an aircraft while all aircraft 216 00:06:38,390 --> 00:06:38,400 over an aircraft while all aircraft 217 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:41,750 over an aircraft while all aircraft cause vortices large heavy Jets such as 218 00:06:41,750 --> 00:06:41,760 cause vortices large heavy Jets such as 219 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:45,200 cause vortices large heavy Jets such as the 747 and dc-10 create the more 220 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:45,210 the 747 and dc-10 create the more 221 00:06:45,210 --> 00:06:48,740 the 747 and dc-10 create the more serious problems air traffic density 222 00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:48,750 serious problems air traffic density 223 00:06:48,750 --> 00:06:51,140 serious problems air traffic density around major airports adds to the 224 00:06:51,140 --> 00:06:51,150 around major airports adds to the 225 00:06:51,150 --> 00:06:54,800 around major airports adds to the severity of the problem because of the 226 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:54,810 severity of the problem because of the 227 00:06:54,810 --> 00:06:56,840 severity of the problem because of the many aircraft coming in for a landing in 228 00:06:56,840 --> 00:06:56,850 many aircraft coming in for a landing in 229 00:06:56,850 --> 00:06:59,030 many aircraft coming in for a landing in the need to sequence one plane behind 230 00:06:59,030 --> 00:06:59,040 the need to sequence one plane behind 231 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:00,890 the need to sequence one plane behind the other aircraft are routinely 232 00:07:00,890 --> 00:07:00,900 the other aircraft are routinely 233 00:07:00,900 --> 00:07:03,380 the other aircraft are routinely separated it's safe distances to avoid 234 00:07:03,380 --> 00:07:03,390 separated it's safe distances to avoid 235 00:07:03,390 --> 00:07:06,890 separated it's safe distances to avoid the trailing vortex problem however this 236 00:07:06,890 --> 00:07:06,900 the trailing vortex problem however this 237 00:07:06,900 --> 00:07:08,870 the trailing vortex problem however this often results in increased fuel use and 238 00:07:08,870 --> 00:07:08,880 often results in increased fuel use and 239 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:12,650 often results in increased fuel use and traffic delays smoke generators mounted 240 00:07:12,650 --> 00:07:12,660 traffic delays smoke generators mounted 241 00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:14,450 traffic delays smoke generators mounted on the wings of these flames by nasa 242 00:07:14,450 --> 00:07:14,460 on the wings of these flames by nasa 243 00:07:14,460 --> 00:07:17,240 on the wings of these flames by nasa researchers make it possible to see and 244 00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:17,250 researchers make it possible to see and 245 00:07:17,250 --> 00:07:19,480 researchers make it possible to see and investigate the whirling air patterns 246 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:19,490 investigate the whirling air patterns 247 00:07:19,490 --> 00:07:22,190 investigate the whirling air patterns the research has shown that by adjusting 248 00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:22,200 the research has shown that by adjusting 249 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:24,710 the research has shown that by adjusting wing flaps at different angles and by 250 00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:24,720 wing flaps at different angles and by 251 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:27,080 wing flaps at different angles and by making various design changes the 252 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:27,090 making various design changes the 253 00:07:27,090 --> 00:07:28,820 making various design changes the intensity of the vortices can be 254 00:07:28,820 --> 00:07:28,830 intensity of the vortices can be 255 00:07:28,830 --> 00:07:32,270 intensity of the vortices can be substantially reduced this kind of 256 00:07:32,270 --> 00:07:32,280 substantially reduced this kind of 257 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:34,850 substantially reduced this kind of aeronautical research today may very 258 00:07:34,850 --> 00:07:34,860 aeronautical research today may very 259 00:07:34,860 --> 00:07:37,250 aeronautical research today may very well result in even safer more 260 00:07:37,250 --> 00:07:37,260 well result in even safer more 261 00:07:37,260 --> 00:07:41,260 well result in even safer more convenient flights in the future 262 00:07:41,260 --> 00:07:41,270 263 00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:45,730 for our next clip made in 1974 let's go 264 00:07:45,730 --> 00:07:45,740 for our next clip made in 1974 let's go 265 00:07:45,740 --> 00:07:48,640 for our next clip made in 1974 let's go to California where aerodynamic truck 266 00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:48,650 to California where aerodynamic truck 267 00:07:48,650 --> 00:07:51,100 to California where aerodynamic truck tests were made in an effort to reduce 268 00:07:51,100 --> 00:07:51,110 tests were made in an effort to reduce 269 00:07:51,110 --> 00:07:57,820 tests were made in an effort to reduce fuel use they come in all sizes these 270 00:07:57,820 --> 00:07:57,830 fuel use they come in all sizes these 271 00:07:57,830 --> 00:08:00,100 fuel use they come in all sizes these movers of everything from lettuce to 272 00:08:00,100 --> 00:08:00,110 movers of everything from lettuce to 273 00:08:00,110 --> 00:08:02,470 movers of everything from lettuce to Steve their box like shapes allow the 274 00:08:02,470 --> 00:08:02,480 Steve their box like shapes allow the 275 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:07,090 Steve their box like shapes allow the packing of high-volume loads it's 276 00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:07,100 packing of high-volume loads it's 277 00:08:07,100 --> 00:08:08,500 packing of high-volume loads it's believed that both trucks and 278 00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:08,510 believed that both trucks and 279 00:08:08,510 --> 00:08:10,840 believed that both trucks and recreational vehicles like this can be 280 00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:10,850 recreational vehicles like this can be 281 00:08:10,850 --> 00:08:13,150 recreational vehicles like this can be made more economical to operate in the 282 00:08:13,150 --> 00:08:13,160 made more economical to operate in the 283 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:15,670 made more economical to operate in the past as trucks were manufactured larger 284 00:08:15,670 --> 00:08:15,680 past as trucks were manufactured larger 285 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:18,250 past as trucks were manufactured larger and larger engine size was increased to 286 00:08:18,250 --> 00:08:18,260 and larger engine size was increased to 287 00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:20,800 and larger engine size was increased to handle the heavier loads now with the 288 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:20,810 handle the heavier loads now with the 289 00:08:20,810 --> 00:08:23,320 handle the heavier loads now with the continuing fuel problems engineers are 290 00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:23,330 continuing fuel problems engineers are 291 00:08:23,330 --> 00:08:25,300 continuing fuel problems engineers are attempting to make the big trucks more 292 00:08:25,300 --> 00:08:25,310 attempting to make the big trucks more 293 00:08:25,310 --> 00:08:28,450 attempting to make the big trucks more efficient in a joint effort NASA and the 294 00:08:28,450 --> 00:08:28,460 efficient in a joint effort NASA and the 295 00:08:28,460 --> 00:08:30,160 efficient in a joint effort NASA and the Department of Transportation are in the 296 00:08:30,160 --> 00:08:30,170 Department of Transportation are in the 297 00:08:30,170 --> 00:08:32,350 Department of Transportation are in the midst of a research program to do just 298 00:08:32,350 --> 00:08:32,360 midst of a research program to do just 299 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:35,320 midst of a research program to do just that the tests are being done at NASA's 300 00:08:35,320 --> 00:08:35,330 that the tests are being done at NASA's 301 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:37,150 that the tests are being done at NASA's Flight Research Center near the Mohave 302 00:08:37,150 --> 00:08:37,160 Flight Research Center near the Mohave 303 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:39,310 Flight Research Center near the Mohave Desert in California on an auxiliary 304 00:08:39,310 --> 00:08:39,320 Desert in California on an auxiliary 305 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:42,100 Desert in California on an auxiliary runway project engineer ed Saltzman 306 00:08:42,100 --> 00:08:42,110 runway project engineer ed Saltzman 307 00:08:42,110 --> 00:08:45,550 runway project engineer ed Saltzman explains the experience and background 308 00:08:45,550 --> 00:08:45,560 explains the experience and background 309 00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:47,650 explains the experience and background that we have here at the NASA flight 310 00:08:47,650 --> 00:08:47,660 that we have here at the NASA flight 311 00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:50,560 that we have here at the NASA flight research center that bears on the tests 312 00:08:50,560 --> 00:08:50,570 research center that bears on the tests 313 00:08:50,570 --> 00:08:53,490 research center that bears on the tests such as this goes back to the 314 00:08:53,490 --> 00:08:53,500 such as this goes back to the 315 00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:55,750 such as this goes back to the aerodynamics experiments that we've done 316 00:08:55,750 --> 00:08:55,760 aerodynamics experiments that we've done 317 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:59,440 aerodynamics experiments that we've done on various aircraft and really the means 318 00:08:59,440 --> 00:08:59,450 on various aircraft and really the means 319 00:08:59,450 --> 00:09:02,890 on various aircraft and really the means of achieving aerodynamic efficiency on 320 00:09:02,890 --> 00:09:02,900 of achieving aerodynamic efficiency on 321 00:09:02,900 --> 00:09:05,890 of achieving aerodynamic efficiency on aircraft that different than it is on 322 00:09:05,890 --> 00:09:05,900 aircraft that different than it is on 323 00:09:05,900 --> 00:09:08,830 aircraft that different than it is on automobiles and trucks accepting of 324 00:09:08,830 --> 00:09:08,840 automobiles and trucks accepting of 325 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:10,750 automobiles and trucks accepting of course they're on trucks and automobiles 326 00:09:10,750 --> 00:09:10,760 course they're on trucks and automobiles 327 00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:13,460 course they're on trucks and automobiles you're working at lower speed 328 00:09:13,460 --> 00:09:13,470 you're working at lower speed 329 00:09:13,470 --> 00:09:15,860 you're working at lower speed starting with a small delivery van ed 330 00:09:15,860 --> 00:09:15,870 starting with a small delivery van ed 331 00:09:15,870 --> 00:09:17,380 starting with a small delivery van ed Saltzman and his team of engineers 332 00:09:17,380 --> 00:09:17,390 Saltzman and his team of engineers 333 00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:19,490 Saltzman and his team of engineers reshaped the vehicle with sheet metal 334 00:09:19,490 --> 00:09:19,500 reshaped the vehicle with sheet metal 335 00:09:19,500 --> 00:09:22,250 reshaped the vehicle with sheet metal the test truck has evolved from a square 336 00:09:22,250 --> 00:09:22,260 the test truck has evolved from a square 337 00:09:22,260 --> 00:09:24,590 the test truck has evolved from a square box to its present shape with rounded 338 00:09:24,590 --> 00:09:24,600 box to its present shape with rounded 339 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:27,470 box to its present shape with rounded corners the major emphasis has been on 340 00:09:27,470 --> 00:09:27,480 corners the major emphasis has been on 341 00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:30,080 corners the major emphasis has been on the elimination of drag wind resistance 342 00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:30,090 the elimination of drag wind resistance 343 00:09:30,090 --> 00:09:31,780 the elimination of drag wind resistance that forces the engine to work harder 344 00:09:31,780 --> 00:09:31,790 that forces the engine to work harder 345 00:09:31,790 --> 00:09:34,910 that forces the engine to work harder the method used to define drag is known 346 00:09:34,910 --> 00:09:34,920 the method used to define drag is known 347 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:37,070 the method used to define drag is known as the coast down method after 348 00:09:37,070 --> 00:09:37,080 as the coast down method after 349 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:39,710 as the coast down method after accelerating the truck to 65 miles per 350 00:09:39,710 --> 00:09:39,720 accelerating the truck to 65 miles per 351 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:42,440 accelerating the truck to 65 miles per hour the gears are disengaged and the 352 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:42,450 hour the gears are disengaged and the 353 00:09:42,450 --> 00:09:46,010 hour the gears are disengaged and the truck is allowed to coach 354 00:09:46,010 --> 00:09:46,020 355 00:09:46,020 --> 00:09:48,780 the deceleration is monitored closely 356 00:09:48,780 --> 00:09:48,790 the deceleration is monitored closely 357 00:09:48,790 --> 00:09:51,210 the deceleration is monitored closely because the time it takes to slow down 358 00:09:51,210 --> 00:09:51,220 because the time it takes to slow down 359 00:09:51,220 --> 00:09:55,140 because the time it takes to slow down can be directly converted into drag so 360 00:09:55,140 --> 00:09:55,150 can be directly converted into drag so 361 00:09:55,150 --> 00:09:57,690 can be directly converted into drag so far aerodynamic drag has been decreased 362 00:09:57,690 --> 00:09:57,700 far aerodynamic drag has been decreased 363 00:09:57,700 --> 00:10:02,010 far aerodynamic drag has been decreased a little over fifty percent the thing 364 00:10:02,010 --> 00:10:02,020 a little over fifty percent the thing 365 00:10:02,020 --> 00:10:03,690 a little over fifty percent the thing that we're all interested in of course 366 00:10:03,690 --> 00:10:03,700 that we're all interested in of course 367 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:07,080 that we're all interested in of course is the savings in fuel the miles per 368 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:07,090 is the savings in fuel the miles per 369 00:10:07,090 --> 00:10:09,080 is the savings in fuel the miles per gallon that we can achieve rather than 370 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:09,090 gallon that we can achieve rather than 371 00:10:09,090 --> 00:10:14,840 gallon that we can achieve rather than the aerodynamic drag per se and the 372 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:14,850 the aerodynamic drag per se and the 373 00:10:14,850 --> 00:10:16,710 the aerodynamic drag per se and the aerodynamic improvements that we've 374 00:10:16,710 --> 00:10:16,720 aerodynamic improvements that we've 375 00:10:16,720 --> 00:10:21,350 aerodynamic improvements that we've experienced so far are translatable into 376 00:10:21,350 --> 00:10:21,360 experienced so far are translatable into 377 00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:24,480 experienced so far are translatable into fuel savings at cruise conditions when 378 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:24,490 fuel savings at cruise conditions when 379 00:10:24,490 --> 00:10:26,310 fuel savings at cruise conditions when you're going down the highway at highway 380 00:10:26,310 --> 00:10:26,320 you're going down the highway at highway 381 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:28,140 you're going down the highway at highway speeds somewhere in the neighborhood of 382 00:10:28,140 --> 00:10:28,150 speeds somewhere in the neighborhood of 383 00:10:28,150 --> 00:10:31,950 speeds somewhere in the neighborhood of all fifteen percent perhaps twenty 384 00:10:31,950 --> 00:10:31,960 all fifteen percent perhaps twenty 385 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:36,120 all fifteen percent perhaps twenty percent savings and fuel other secondary 386 00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:36,130 percent savings and fuel other secondary 387 00:10:36,130 --> 00:10:38,220 percent savings and fuel other secondary benefits include less pollution and 388 00:10:38,220 --> 00:10:38,230 benefits include less pollution and 389 00:10:38,230 --> 00:10:42,780 benefits include less pollution and increased engine light this big tractor 390 00:10:42,780 --> 00:10:42,790 increased engine light this big tractor 391 00:10:42,790 --> 00:10:45,090 increased engine light this big tractor trailer typical of many on US highways 392 00:10:45,090 --> 00:10:45,100 trailer typical of many on US highways 393 00:10:45,100 --> 00:10:48,190 trailer typical of many on US highways is also being studied 394 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:48,200 is also being studied 395 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:50,980 is also being studied here engineers attach one of many add-on 396 00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:50,990 here engineers attach one of many add-on 397 00:10:50,990 --> 00:10:53,230 here engineers attach one of many add-on devices that will modify airflow around 398 00:10:53,230 --> 00:10:53,240 devices that will modify airflow around 399 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:59,680 devices that will modify airflow around the truck and hopefully reduce drag to 400 00:10:59,680 --> 00:10:59,690 the truck and hopefully reduce drag to 401 00:10:59,690 --> 00:11:01,450 the truck and hopefully reduce drag to help them visualize the flow of air 402 00:11:01,450 --> 00:11:01,460 help them visualize the flow of air 403 00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:04,330 help them visualize the flow of air patterns six inch long strings or Tufts 404 00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:04,340 patterns six inch long strings or Tufts 405 00:11:04,340 --> 00:11:06,940 patterns six inch long strings or Tufts are attached and photographed these have 406 00:11:06,940 --> 00:11:06,950 are attached and photographed these have 407 00:11:06,950 --> 00:11:09,010 are attached and photographed these have been used in aeronautical research for 408 00:11:09,010 --> 00:11:09,020 been used in aeronautical research for 409 00:11:09,020 --> 00:11:12,130 been used in aeronautical research for years another method involves pumping a 410 00:11:12,130 --> 00:11:12,140 years another method involves pumping a 411 00:11:12,140 --> 00:11:14,230 years another method involves pumping a powder like substance over the truck as 412 00:11:14,230 --> 00:11:14,240 powder like substance over the truck as 413 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:18,050 powder like substance over the truck as it travels along 414 00:11:18,050 --> 00:11:18,060 415 00:11:18,060 --> 00:11:21,000 the large tractor-trailer program has 416 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:21,010 the large tractor-trailer program has 417 00:11:21,010 --> 00:11:23,610 the large tractor-trailer program has just begun and it's too soon to predict 418 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:23,620 just begun and it's too soon to predict 419 00:11:23,620 --> 00:11:25,949 just begun and it's too soon to predict how much fuel might be saved as a result 420 00:11:25,949 --> 00:11:25,959 how much fuel might be saved as a result 421 00:11:25,959 --> 00:11:28,560 how much fuel might be saved as a result of the truck modifications a fuel 422 00:11:28,560 --> 00:11:28,570 of the truck modifications a fuel 423 00:11:28,570 --> 00:11:30,660 of the truck modifications a fuel savings of as little as five percent 424 00:11:30,660 --> 00:11:30,670 savings of as little as five percent 425 00:11:30,670 --> 00:11:32,819 savings of as little as five percent however would save thousands of barrels 426 00:11:32,819 --> 00:11:32,829 however would save thousands of barrels 427 00:11:32,829 --> 00:11:36,180 however would save thousands of barrels of fuel every day the researchers are 428 00:11:36,180 --> 00:11:36,190 of fuel every day the researchers are 429 00:11:36,190 --> 00:11:38,120 of fuel every day the researchers are hopeful as they continue to apply 430 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:38,130 hopeful as they continue to apply 431 00:11:38,130 --> 00:11:40,949 hopeful as they continue to apply aerodynamic techniques to help solve a 432 00:11:40,949 --> 00:11:40,959 aerodynamic techniques to help solve a 433 00:11:40,959 --> 00:11:45,990 aerodynamic techniques to help solve a ground transportation problem let's go 434 00:11:45,990 --> 00:11:46,000 ground transportation problem let's go 435 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:48,230 ground transportation problem let's go back into the air for our next clip from 436 00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:48,240 back into the air for our next clip from 437 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:51,810 back into the air for our next clip from 1976 the clip explains at the first day 438 00:11:51,810 --> 00:11:51,820 1976 the clip explains at the first day 439 00:11:51,820 --> 00:11:55,079 1976 the clip explains at the first day in NASA is for Aeronautics the clip ties 440 00:11:55,079 --> 00:11:55,089 in NASA is for Aeronautics the clip ties 441 00:11:55,089 --> 00:11:57,509 in NASA is for Aeronautics the clip ties together several of the ideas from other 442 00:11:57,509 --> 00:11:57,519 together several of the ideas from other 443 00:11:57,519 --> 00:12:02,970 together several of the ideas from other films used in the show for 60 years nASA 444 00:12:02,970 --> 00:12:02,980 films used in the show for 60 years nASA 445 00:12:02,980 --> 00:12:05,069 films used in the show for 60 years nASA has been pioneering in aeronautical 446 00:12:05,069 --> 00:12:05,079 has been pioneering in aeronautical 447 00:12:05,079 --> 00:12:07,860 has been pioneering in aeronautical research during World War two the need 448 00:12:07,860 --> 00:12:07,870 research during World War two the need 449 00:12:07,870 --> 00:12:10,040 research during World War two the need was for real-time problem-solving and 450 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:10,050 was for real-time problem-solving and 451 00:12:10,050 --> 00:12:12,530 was for real-time problem-solving and responding to a variety of crises 452 00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:12,540 responding to a variety of crises 453 00:12:12,540 --> 00:12:14,730 responding to a variety of crises associated with American bomber and 454 00:12:14,730 --> 00:12:14,740 associated with American bomber and 455 00:12:14,740 --> 00:12:20,860 associated with American bomber and fighter planes 456 00:12:20,860 --> 00:12:20,870 457 00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:23,870 today research is aimed at making planes 458 00:12:23,870 --> 00:12:23,880 today research is aimed at making planes 459 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,930 today research is aimed at making planes fly higher faster farther quieter and 460 00:12:26,930 --> 00:12:26,940 fly higher faster farther quieter and 461 00:12:26,940 --> 00:12:29,720 fly higher faster farther quieter and with greater safety consider the problem 462 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:29,730 with greater safety consider the problem 463 00:12:29,730 --> 00:12:32,810 with greater safety consider the problem of wake vortices invisible tornado like 464 00:12:32,810 --> 00:12:32,820 of wake vortices invisible tornado like 465 00:12:32,820 --> 00:12:35,480 of wake vortices invisible tornado like patterns of air that trail behind large 466 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:35,490 patterns of air that trail behind large 467 00:12:35,490 --> 00:12:37,850 patterns of air that trail behind large Jets causing dangerously turbulent 468 00:12:37,850 --> 00:12:37,860 Jets causing dangerously turbulent 469 00:12:37,860 --> 00:12:39,980 Jets causing dangerously turbulent conditions for smaller planes following 470 00:12:39,980 --> 00:12:39,990 conditions for smaller planes following 471 00:12:39,990 --> 00:12:42,350 conditions for smaller planes following in their wake the turbulence is so 472 00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:42,360 in their wake the turbulence is so 473 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:44,300 in their wake the turbulence is so severe that flight controllers must 474 00:12:44,300 --> 00:12:44,310 severe that flight controllers must 475 00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:46,640 severe that flight controllers must carefully space takeoffs and landings to 476 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:46,650 carefully space takeoffs and landings to 477 00:12:46,650 --> 00:12:49,670 carefully space takeoffs and landings to avoid them research on wake vortices has 478 00:12:49,670 --> 00:12:49,680 avoid them research on wake vortices has 479 00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:52,070 avoid them research on wake vortices has ranged from studies like these at NASA's 480 00:12:52,070 --> 00:12:52,080 ranged from studies like these at NASA's 481 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:53,990 ranged from studies like these at NASA's Flight Research Center in California 482 00:12:53,990 --> 00:12:54,000 Flight Research Center in California 483 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:56,270 Flight Research Center in California where different combinations of gear and 484 00:12:56,270 --> 00:12:56,280 where different combinations of gear and 485 00:12:56,280 --> 00:12:59,120 where different combinations of gear and flaps are used to break up the vortex to 486 00:12:59,120 --> 00:12:59,130 flaps are used to break up the vortex to 487 00:12:59,130 --> 00:13:01,520 flaps are used to break up the vortex to an experimental laser system at the 488 00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:01,530 an experimental laser system at the 489 00:13:01,530 --> 00:13:02,990 an experimental laser system at the Marshall Space Flight Center in 490 00:13:02,990 --> 00:13:03,000 Marshall Space Flight Center in 491 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,780 Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville Alabama working with the FAA 492 00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:05,790 Huntsville Alabama working with the FAA 493 00:13:05,790 --> 00:13:08,540 Huntsville Alabama working with the FAA the experimental laser program is an 494 00:13:08,540 --> 00:13:08,550 the experimental laser program is an 495 00:13:08,550 --> 00:13:10,370 the experimental laser program is an effort to develop an accurate wake 496 00:13:10,370 --> 00:13:10,380 effort to develop an accurate wake 497 00:13:10,380 --> 00:13:12,830 effort to develop an accurate wake vortex detection and monitoring system 498 00:13:12,830 --> 00:13:12,840 vortex detection and monitoring system 499 00:13:12,840 --> 00:13:15,050 vortex detection and monitoring system they would permit tracking the path of 500 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:15,060 they would permit tracking the path of 501 00:13:15,060 --> 00:13:17,530 they would permit tracking the path of the vortices produced by large aircraft 502 00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:17,540 the vortices produced by large aircraft 503 00:13:17,540 --> 00:13:19,730 the vortices produced by large aircraft field tested at the John F Kennedy 504 00:13:19,730 --> 00:13:19,740 field tested at the John F Kennedy 505 00:13:19,740 --> 00:13:22,460 field tested at the John F Kennedy International Airport in New York the 506 00:13:22,460 --> 00:13:22,470 International Airport in New York the 507 00:13:22,470 --> 00:13:24,650 International Airport in New York the laser research may one day help make 508 00:13:24,650 --> 00:13:24,660 laser research may one day help make 509 00:13:24,660 --> 00:13:29,030 laser research may one day help make commercial air traffic safer information 510 00:13:29,030 --> 00:13:29,040 commercial air traffic safer information 511 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:30,920 commercial air traffic safer information gained by flights of the two thousand 512 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:30,930 gained by flights of the two thousand 513 00:13:30,930 --> 00:13:33,650 gained by flights of the two thousand mile per hour why f12 will help the 514 00:13:33,650 --> 00:13:33,660 mile per hour why f12 will help the 515 00:13:33,660 --> 00:13:36,579 mile per hour why f12 will help the designers of new aircraft and spacecraft 516 00:13:36,579 --> 00:13:36,589 designers of new aircraft and spacecraft 517 00:13:36,589 --> 00:13:39,380 designers of new aircraft and spacecraft heating stability and control aircraft 518 00:13:39,380 --> 00:13:39,390 heating stability and control aircraft 519 00:13:39,390 --> 00:13:42,110 heating stability and control aircraft loads these are just a few of the many 520 00:13:42,110 --> 00:13:42,120 loads these are just a few of the many 521 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:44,390 loads these are just a few of the many tests under way using the high-speed 522 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:44,400 tests under way using the high-speed 523 00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:47,720 tests under way using the high-speed planes as flying research tools the 524 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:47,730 planes as flying research tools the 525 00:13:47,730 --> 00:13:51,260 planes as flying research tools the rocket-powered x24 be has completed 36 526 00:13:51,260 --> 00:13:51,270 rocket-powered x24 be has completed 36 527 00:13:51,270 --> 00:13:53,750 rocket-powered x24 be has completed 36 missions over the California desert near 528 00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:53,760 missions over the California desert near 529 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:55,970 missions over the California desert near the flight research center bringing to a 530 00:13:55,970 --> 00:13:55,980 the flight research center bringing to a 531 00:13:55,980 --> 00:13:58,370 the flight research center bringing to a close experimental rocket powered flight 532 00:13:58,370 --> 00:13:58,380 close experimental rocket powered flight 533 00:13:58,380 --> 00:14:01,630 close experimental rocket powered flight tests that began with the excess one in 534 00:14:01,630 --> 00:14:01,640 tests that began with the excess one in 535 00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:04,820 tests that began with the excess one in 1946 these unique planes have proved 536 00:14:04,820 --> 00:14:04,830 1946 these unique planes have proved 537 00:14:04,830 --> 00:14:06,650 1946 these unique planes have proved extremely valuable in advanced 538 00:14:06,650 --> 00:14:06,660 extremely valuable in advanced 539 00:14:06,660 --> 00:14:10,520 extremely valuable in advanced aeronautical research using the same 540 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:10,530 aeronautical research using the same 541 00:14:10,530 --> 00:14:13,370 aeronautical research using the same aeronautical Noel used to design sleep 542 00:14:13,370 --> 00:14:13,380 aeronautical Noel used to design sleep 543 00:14:13,380 --> 00:14:16,490 aeronautical Noel used to design sleep high-speed jet planes NASA engineers are 544 00:14:16,490 --> 00:14:16,500 high-speed jet planes NASA engineers are 545 00:14:16,500 --> 00:14:18,170 high-speed jet planes NASA engineers are cooperating with the Department of 546 00:14:18,170 --> 00:14:18,180 cooperating with the Department of 547 00:14:18,180 --> 00:14:19,530 cooperating with the Department of Transportation 548 00:14:19,530 --> 00:14:19,540 Transportation 549 00:14:19,540 --> 00:14:21,629 Transportation test a variety of fuel saving 550 00:14:21,629 --> 00:14:21,639 test a variety of fuel saving 551 00:14:21,639 --> 00:14:25,110 test a variety of fuel saving modifications for large trucks even the 552 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:25,120 modifications for large trucks even the 553 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,180 modifications for large trucks even the simple changes have provided a forty 554 00:14:27,180 --> 00:14:27,190 simple changes have provided a forty 555 00:14:27,190 --> 00:14:29,280 simple changes have provided a forty percent reduction in aerodynamic drag 556 00:14:29,280 --> 00:14:29,290 percent reduction in aerodynamic drag 557 00:14:29,290 --> 00:14:31,829 percent reduction in aerodynamic drag wind resistance that forces the truck 558 00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:31,839 wind resistance that forces the truck 559 00:14:31,839 --> 00:14:34,470 wind resistance that forces the truck engine to work harder this translates 560 00:14:34,470 --> 00:14:34,480 engine to work harder this translates 561 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:36,720 engine to work harder this translates directly into a highway crews fuel 562 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:36,730 directly into a highway crews fuel 563 00:14:36,730 --> 00:14:39,840 directly into a highway crews fuel reduction of 20 to 25 percent an 564 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:39,850 reduction of 20 to 25 percent an 565 00:14:39,850 --> 00:14:41,309 reduction of 20 to 25 percent an interesting ground transportation 566 00:14:41,309 --> 00:14:41,319 interesting ground transportation 567 00:14:41,319 --> 00:14:44,069 interesting ground transportation problem being aided by aeronautical 568 00:14:44,069 --> 00:14:44,079 problem being aided by aeronautical 569 00:14:44,079 --> 00:14:51,900 problem being aided by aeronautical research techniques at the Langley 570 00:14:51,900 --> 00:14:51,910 research techniques at the Langley 571 00:14:51,910 --> 00:14:53,430 research techniques at the Langley Research Center in Hampton Virginia 572 00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:53,440 Research Center in Hampton Virginia 573 00:14:53,440 --> 00:15:00,499 Research Center in Hampton Virginia they're crashing airplanes on purpose 574 00:15:00,499 --> 00:15:00,509 575 00:15:00,509 --> 00:15:02,579 engineers hope that these crash 576 00:15:02,579 --> 00:15:02,589 engineers hope that these crash 577 00:15:02,589 --> 00:15:04,620 engineers hope that these crash worthiness tests will help designers 578 00:15:04,620 --> 00:15:04,630 worthiness tests will help designers 579 00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:06,960 worthiness tests will help designers build lightweight aircraft that can 580 00:15:06,960 --> 00:15:06,970 build lightweight aircraft that can 581 00:15:06,970 --> 00:15:09,269 build lightweight aircraft that can absorb much of the impact energy of a 582 00:15:09,269 --> 00:15:09,279 absorb much of the impact energy of a 583 00:15:09,279 --> 00:15:15,070 absorb much of the impact energy of a crash reducing injuries and fatalities 584 00:15:15,070 --> 00:15:15,080 585 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:17,830 this is a pilot's I've you coming in for 586 00:15:17,830 --> 00:15:17,840 this is a pilot's I've you coming in for 587 00:15:17,840 --> 00:15:20,050 this is a pilot's I've you coming in for a landing but there's an easier less 588 00:15:20,050 --> 00:15:20,060 a landing but there's an easier less 589 00:15:20,060 --> 00:15:22,480 a landing but there's an easier less expensive way to fly it's called the 590 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:22,490 expensive way to fly it's called the 591 00:15:22,490 --> 00:15:24,510 expensive way to fly it's called the flight simulator for advanced aircraft 592 00:15:24,510 --> 00:15:24,520 flight simulator for advanced aircraft 593 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,400 flight simulator for advanced aircraft what the pilot sees and hears in this 594 00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:27,410 what the pilot sees and hears in this 595 00:15:27,410 --> 00:15:29,350 what the pilot sees and hears in this simulator at NASA's Ames Research Center 596 00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:29,360 simulator at NASA's Ames Research Center 597 00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:32,950 simulator at NASA's Ames Research Center is like the real thing another advanced 598 00:15:32,950 --> 00:15:32,960 is like the real thing another advanced 599 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:34,840 is like the real thing another advanced research tool for designing and 600 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:34,850 research tool for designing and 601 00:15:34,850 --> 00:15:37,270 research tool for designing and evaluating aircraft performance without 602 00:15:37,270 --> 00:15:37,280 evaluating aircraft performance without 603 00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:43,210 evaluating aircraft performance without ever leaving the ground that first a in 604 00:15:43,210 --> 00:15:43,220 ever leaving the ground that first a in 605 00:15:43,220 --> 00:15:45,690 ever leaving the ground that first a in NASA stands for Aeronautics research 606 00:15:45,690 --> 00:15:45,700 NASA stands for Aeronautics research 607 00:15:45,700 --> 00:15:48,460 NASA stands for Aeronautics research aimed at improving the quality and 608 00:15:48,460 --> 00:15:48,470 aimed at improving the quality and 609 00:15:48,470 --> 00:15:54,790 aimed at improving the quality and safety of flying our next clip from 1976 610 00:15:54,790 --> 00:15:54,800 safety of flying our next clip from 1976 611 00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:57,460 safety of flying our next clip from 1976 shows an unusual scissor-like plane 612 00:15:57,460 --> 00:15:57,470 shows an unusual scissor-like plane 613 00:15:57,470 --> 00:16:02,350 shows an unusual scissor-like plane design the singing is an arid lake bed 614 00:16:02,350 --> 00:16:02,360 design the singing is an arid lake bed 615 00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:04,420 design the singing is an arid lake bed at nasa's dryden flight research center 616 00:16:04,420 --> 00:16:04,430 at nasa's dryden flight research center 617 00:16:04,430 --> 00:16:06,930 at nasa's dryden flight research center near the Mojave Desert in California 618 00:16:06,930 --> 00:16:06,940 near the Mojave Desert in California 619 00:16:06,940 --> 00:16:10,270 near the Mojave Desert in California it's early morning engineers and 620 00:16:10,270 --> 00:16:10,280 it's early morning engineers and 621 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:11,950 it's early morning engineers and technicians have been here since before 622 00:16:11,950 --> 00:16:11,960 technicians have been here since before 623 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:15,460 technicians have been here since before sunup check out in preparations for the 624 00:16:15,460 --> 00:16:15,470 sunup check out in preparations for the 625 00:16:15,470 --> 00:16:17,770 sunup check out in preparations for the upcoming flight test our painstaking and 626 00:16:17,770 --> 00:16:17,780 upcoming flight test our painstaking and 627 00:16:17,780 --> 00:16:21,040 upcoming flight test our painstaking and delivered this is not an ordinary plane 628 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:21,050 delivered this is not an ordinary plane 629 00:16:21,050 --> 00:16:23,740 delivered this is not an ordinary plane it has a scissor like design that could 630 00:16:23,740 --> 00:16:23,750 it has a scissor like design that could 631 00:16:23,750 --> 00:16:25,780 it has a scissor like design that could prove to be the shape of aircraft to 632 00:16:25,780 --> 00:16:25,790 prove to be the shape of aircraft to 633 00:16:25,790 --> 00:16:29,470 prove to be the shape of aircraft to come studies indicate that if the design 634 00:16:29,470 --> 00:16:29,480 come studies indicate that if the design 635 00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:31,630 come studies indicate that if the design features of the oblique wing as this 636 00:16:31,630 --> 00:16:31,640 features of the oblique wing as this 637 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:34,750 features of the oblique wing as this 25-foot model is called were applied to 638 00:16:34,750 --> 00:16:34,760 25-foot model is called were applied to 639 00:16:34,760 --> 00:16:37,120 25-foot model is called were applied to full-size jets it would allow them to 640 00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:37,130 full-size jets it would allow them to 641 00:16:37,130 --> 00:16:39,550 full-size jets it would allow them to travel faster than sound without leaving 642 00:16:39,550 --> 00:16:39,560 travel faster than sound without leaving 643 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:42,010 travel faster than sound without leaving the usual sonic boom in their wake and 644 00:16:42,010 --> 00:16:42,020 the usual sonic boom in their wake and 645 00:16:42,020 --> 00:16:46,860 the usual sonic boom in their wake and give them increased fuel economy 646 00:16:46,860 --> 00:16:46,870 647 00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:49,410 before the oblique wing plane takes off 648 00:16:49,410 --> 00:16:49,420 before the oblique wing plane takes off 649 00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:51,930 before the oblique wing plane takes off a television equipped aircraft sweeps 650 00:16:51,930 --> 00:16:51,940 a television equipped aircraft sweeps 651 00:16:51,940 --> 00:16:58,140 a television equipped aircraft sweeps over and scans the flight path what the 652 00:16:58,140 --> 00:16:58,150 over and scans the flight path what the 653 00:16:58,150 --> 00:17:00,960 over and scans the flight path what the camera sees will aid this man the pilot 654 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:00,970 camera sees will aid this man the pilot 655 00:17:00,970 --> 00:17:03,120 camera sees will aid this man the pilot of the oblique wing model he actually 656 00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:03,130 of the oblique wing model he actually 657 00:17:03,130 --> 00:17:06,350 of the oblique wing model he actually flies the plane from inside to this van 658 00:17:06,350 --> 00:17:06,360 flies the plane from inside to this van 659 00:17:06,360 --> 00:17:09,150 flies the plane from inside to this van another television camera mounted in the 660 00:17:09,150 --> 00:17:09,160 another television camera mounted in the 661 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:11,699 another television camera mounted in the nose of the test aircraft lets him see 662 00:17:11,699 --> 00:17:11,709 nose of the test aircraft lets him see 663 00:17:11,709 --> 00:17:15,090 nose of the test aircraft lets him see where the planes going watch now as the 664 00:17:15,090 --> 00:17:15,100 where the planes going watch now as the 665 00:17:15,100 --> 00:17:17,309 where the planes going watch now as the ground crew start the engine and launch 666 00:17:17,309 --> 00:17:17,319 ground crew start the engine and launch 667 00:17:17,319 --> 00:17:48,159 ground crew start the engine and launch the oblique wing plane 668 00:17:48,159 --> 00:17:48,169 669 00:17:48,169 --> 00:17:50,499 during the flight researchers carefully 670 00:17:50,499 --> 00:17:50,509 during the flight researchers carefully 671 00:17:50,509 --> 00:17:53,200 during the flight researchers carefully record how the aircraft responds to a 672 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:53,210 record how the aircraft responds to a 673 00:17:53,210 --> 00:17:55,989 record how the aircraft responds to a variety of maneuvers they compare these 674 00:17:55,989 --> 00:17:55,999 variety of maneuvers they compare these 675 00:17:55,999 --> 00:17:58,330 variety of maneuvers they compare these responses with wind tunnel predictions 676 00:17:58,330 --> 00:17:58,340 responses with wind tunnel predictions 677 00:17:58,340 --> 00:18:00,669 responses with wind tunnel predictions to better understand what the aircraft 678 00:18:00,669 --> 00:18:00,679 to better understand what the aircraft 679 00:18:00,679 --> 00:18:06,200 to better understand what the aircraft is doing and why it's doing it 680 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:06,210 681 00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:10,430 as you can see the the wing on the 682 00:18:10,430 --> 00:18:10,440 as you can see the the wing on the 683 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,400 as you can see the the wing on the aircraft is at an angle to the fuselage 684 00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:13,410 aircraft is at an angle to the fuselage 685 00:18:13,410 --> 00:18:17,810 aircraft is at an angle to the fuselage such that the left wing points forward 686 00:18:17,810 --> 00:18:17,820 such that the left wing points forward 687 00:18:17,820 --> 00:18:20,720 such that the left wing points forward of the of the aircraft a normal airplane 688 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:20,730 of the of the aircraft a normal airplane 689 00:18:20,730 --> 00:18:22,310 of the of the aircraft a normal airplane the wings are at right angles to the 690 00:18:22,310 --> 00:18:22,320 the wings are at right angles to the 691 00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:25,280 the wings are at right angles to the fuselage on this aircraft the wing is at 692 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:25,290 fuselage on this aircraft the wing is at 693 00:18:25,290 --> 00:18:28,400 fuselage on this aircraft the wing is at an oblique angle such that the left wing 694 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:28,410 an oblique angle such that the left wing 695 00:18:28,410 --> 00:18:30,530 an oblique angle such that the left wing points forward and the right wing points 696 00:18:30,530 --> 00:18:30,540 points forward and the right wing points 697 00:18:30,540 --> 00:18:34,580 points forward and the right wing points f and this this feature allows the 698 00:18:34,580 --> 00:18:34,590 f and this this feature allows the 699 00:18:34,590 --> 00:18:36,350 f and this this feature allows the aircraft to have much lower transonic 700 00:18:36,350 --> 00:18:36,360 aircraft to have much lower transonic 701 00:18:36,360 --> 00:18:39,130 aircraft to have much lower transonic drag than a conventional aircraft and 702 00:18:39,130 --> 00:18:39,140 drag than a conventional aircraft and 703 00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:42,530 drag than a conventional aircraft and for a transonic airplane designed to use 704 00:18:42,530 --> 00:18:42,540 for a transonic airplane designed to use 705 00:18:42,540 --> 00:18:46,400 for a transonic airplane designed to use this wing you would fly at 100 to 200 706 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:46,410 this wing you would fly at 100 to 200 707 00:18:46,410 --> 00:18:48,500 this wing you would fly at 100 to 200 miles an hour with the wing at zero 708 00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:48,510 miles an hour with the wing at zero 709 00:18:48,510 --> 00:18:50,330 miles an hour with the wing at zero degrees of y'all as the speed increases 710 00:18:50,330 --> 00:18:50,340 degrees of y'all as the speed increases 711 00:18:50,340 --> 00:18:54,460 degrees of y'all as the speed increases the wing yo has increased 712 00:18:54,460 --> 00:18:54,470 713 00:18:54,470 --> 00:18:56,710 research has shown that oblique trimmed 714 00:18:56,710 --> 00:18:56,720 research has shown that oblique trimmed 715 00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:59,140 research has shown that oblique trimmed aircraft compared to fixed-wing planes 716 00:18:59,140 --> 00:18:59,150 aircraft compared to fixed-wing planes 717 00:18:59,150 --> 00:19:02,470 aircraft compared to fixed-wing planes use less fuel and can reduce sonic boom 718 00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:02,480 use less fuel and can reduce sonic boom 719 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:05,649 use less fuel and can reduce sonic boom levels the planes designer Artie Jones 720 00:19:05,649 --> 00:19:05,659 levels the planes designer Artie Jones 721 00:19:05,659 --> 00:19:08,590 levels the planes designer Artie Jones says that using the oblique wing takes 722 00:19:08,590 --> 00:19:08,600 says that using the oblique wing takes 723 00:19:08,600 --> 00:19:11,380 says that using the oblique wing takes maximum advantage of wings sweep in a 724 00:19:11,380 --> 00:19:11,390 maximum advantage of wings sweep in a 725 00:19:11,390 --> 00:19:13,870 maximum advantage of wings sweep in a way that fools the wind by making it 726 00:19:13,870 --> 00:19:13,880 way that fools the wind by making it 727 00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:15,549 way that fools the wind by making it think you're going slower than you 728 00:19:15,549 --> 00:19:15,559 think you're going slower than you 729 00:19:15,559 --> 00:19:18,760 think you're going slower than you actually are the next phase of research 730 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:18,770 actually are the next phase of research 731 00:19:18,770 --> 00:19:21,340 actually are the next phase of research could include a 1,500 pound plane with 732 00:19:21,340 --> 00:19:21,350 could include a 1,500 pound plane with 733 00:19:21,350 --> 00:19:23,649 could include a 1,500 pound plane with the 30 foot wingspan powered by jet 734 00:19:23,649 --> 00:19:23,659 the 30 foot wingspan powered by jet 735 00:19:23,659 --> 00:19:26,279 the 30 foot wingspan powered by jet engines it would have a pilot on board 736 00:19:26,279 --> 00:19:26,289 engines it would have a pilot on board 737 00:19:26,289 --> 00:19:28,899 engines it would have a pilot on board these artists concepts show how the 738 00:19:28,899 --> 00:19:28,909 these artists concepts show how the 739 00:19:28,909 --> 00:19:31,390 these artists concepts show how the oblique wing design might be applied to 740 00:19:31,390 --> 00:19:31,400 oblique wing design might be applied to 741 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:34,060 oblique wing design might be applied to transport type aircraft the wing of 742 00:19:34,060 --> 00:19:34,070 transport type aircraft the wing of 743 00:19:34,070 --> 00:19:35,680 transport type aircraft the wing of course would swing back to a more 744 00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:35,690 course would swing back to a more 745 00:19:35,690 --> 00:19:39,880 course would swing back to a more conventional position for landing the 746 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:39,890 conventional position for landing the 747 00:19:39,890 --> 00:19:42,220 conventional position for landing the oblique wing a unique design that may 748 00:19:42,220 --> 00:19:42,230 oblique wing a unique design that may 749 00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:44,460 oblique wing a unique design that may one day allow planes to fly faster 750 00:19:44,460 --> 00:19:44,470 one day allow planes to fly faster 751 00:19:44,470 --> 00:19:51,060 one day allow planes to fly faster quieter and use less fuel 752 00:19:51,060 --> 00:19:51,070 753 00:19:51,070 --> 00:19:54,430 NASA engineers have even tested plane 754 00:19:54,430 --> 00:19:54,440 NASA engineers have even tested plane 755 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:57,419 NASA engineers have even tested plane designs underwater as we see in this 756 00:19:57,419 --> 00:19:57,429 designs underwater as we see in this 757 00:19:57,429 --> 00:20:00,490 designs underwater as we see in this 1977 report from the NASA Dryden Flight 758 00:20:00,490 --> 00:20:00,500 1977 report from the NASA Dryden Flight 759 00:20:00,500 --> 00:20:06,279 1977 report from the NASA Dryden Flight Center California ever see a jet plane 760 00:20:06,279 --> 00:20:06,289 Center California ever see a jet plane 761 00:20:06,289 --> 00:20:10,500 Center California ever see a jet plane fly underwater for this model of a 747 762 00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:10,510 fly underwater for this model of a 747 763 00:20:10,510 --> 00:20:14,919 fly underwater for this model of a 747 almost does just that but consider first 764 00:20:14,919 --> 00:20:14,929 almost does just that but consider first 765 00:20:14,929 --> 00:20:17,080 almost does just that but consider first what led to these interesting underwater 766 00:20:17,080 --> 00:20:17,090 what led to these interesting underwater 767 00:20:17,090 --> 00:20:21,909 what led to these interesting underwater studies NASA researchers are trying to 768 00:20:21,909 --> 00:20:21,919 studies NASA researchers are trying to 769 00:20:21,919 --> 00:20:24,820 studies NASA researchers are trying to solve the problem of wake vortices those 770 00:20:24,820 --> 00:20:24,830 solve the problem of wake vortices those 771 00:20:24,830 --> 00:20:27,220 solve the problem of wake vortices those funnel-like patterns of air that swirl 772 00:20:27,220 --> 00:20:27,230 funnel-like patterns of air that swirl 773 00:20:27,230 --> 00:20:29,409 funnel-like patterns of air that swirl off the wings of planes as they speed 774 00:20:29,409 --> 00:20:29,419 off the wings of planes as they speed 775 00:20:29,419 --> 00:20:34,149 off the wings of planes as they speed along the larger the plane the larger 776 00:20:34,149 --> 00:20:34,159 along the larger the plane the larger 777 00:20:34,159 --> 00:20:37,200 along the larger the plane the larger the vortex and resulting problem 778 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:37,210 the vortex and resulting problem 779 00:20:37,210 --> 00:20:40,120 the vortex and resulting problem vortices can't be seen a less smoke or 780 00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:40,130 vortices can't be seen a less smoke or 781 00:20:40,130 --> 00:20:45,220 vortices can't be seen a less smoke or die pods are attached to the wings here 782 00:20:45,220 --> 00:20:45,230 die pods are attached to the wings here 783 00:20:45,230 --> 00:20:47,560 die pods are attached to the wings here the second test plane intentionally 784 00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:47,570 the second test plane intentionally 785 00:20:47,570 --> 00:20:50,409 the second test plane intentionally follows much closer than normal this 786 00:20:50,409 --> 00:20:50,419 follows much closer than normal this 787 00:20:50,419 --> 00:20:53,080 follows much closer than normal this allows engineers to visually observe and 788 00:20:53,080 --> 00:20:53,090 allows engineers to visually observe and 789 00:20:53,090 --> 00:21:18,390 allows engineers to visually observe and study both the vortex and its results 790 00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:18,400 791 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:21,520 right now air traffic controllers avoid 792 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:21,530 right now air traffic controllers avoid 793 00:21:21,530 --> 00:21:23,740 right now air traffic controllers avoid the problem altogether by carefully 794 00:21:23,740 --> 00:21:23,750 the problem altogether by carefully 795 00:21:23,750 --> 00:21:26,860 the problem altogether by carefully spacing takeoffs and landings if the 796 00:21:26,860 --> 00:21:26,870 spacing takeoffs and landings if the 797 00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:28,780 spacing takeoffs and landings if the vortices can be reduced or eliminated 798 00:21:28,780 --> 00:21:28,790 vortices can be reduced or eliminated 799 00:21:28,790 --> 00:21:31,780 vortices can be reduced or eliminated however it will cut down air traffic 800 00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:31,790 however it will cut down air traffic 801 00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:41,020 however it will cut down air traffic delays at many of our busy airports 802 00:21:41,020 --> 00:21:41,030 803 00:21:41,030 --> 00:21:45,840 this is Hydra nautic sin Laurel Maryland 804 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:45,850 805 00:21:45,850 --> 00:21:49,090 it was here that NASA recently completed 806 00:21:49,090 --> 00:21:49,100 it was here that NASA recently completed 807 00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:51,460 it was here that NASA recently completed a series of tests to look at the vortex 808 00:21:51,460 --> 00:21:51,470 a series of tests to look at the vortex 809 00:21:51,470 --> 00:21:52,950 a series of tests to look at the vortex problem from a different angle 810 00:21:52,950 --> 00:21:52,960 problem from a different angle 811 00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:57,640 problem from a different angle underwater the tank used is 425 feet 812 00:21:57,640 --> 00:21:57,650 underwater the tank used is 425 feet 813 00:21:57,650 --> 00:22:02,040 underwater the tank used is 425 feet long 25 feet wide and 12 feet deep 814 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:02,050 long 25 feet wide and 12 feet deep 815 00:22:02,050 --> 00:22:04,540 long 25 feet wide and 12 feet deep testing an aircraft in water may seem 816 00:22:04,540 --> 00:22:04,550 testing an aircraft in water may seem 817 00:22:04,550 --> 00:22:06,340 testing an aircraft in water may seem like a strange idea but water and air 818 00:22:06,340 --> 00:22:06,350 like a strange idea but water and air 819 00:22:06,350 --> 00:22:10,720 like a strange idea but water and air are both fluid medium and the advantage 820 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:10,730 are both fluid medium and the advantage 821 00:22:10,730 --> 00:22:13,870 are both fluid medium and the advantage of using water in this case is that you 822 00:22:13,870 --> 00:22:13,880 of using water in this case is that you 823 00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:15,550 of using water in this case is that you can simulate a reynolds number much 824 00:22:15,550 --> 00:22:15,560 can simulate a reynolds number much 825 00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:17,470 can simulate a reynolds number much closer to the reynolds number that you 826 00:22:17,470 --> 00:22:17,480 closer to the reynolds number that you 827 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:20,200 closer to the reynolds number that you use in flight and reynolds number is one 828 00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:20,210 use in flight and reynolds number is one 829 00:22:20,210 --> 00:22:22,510 use in flight and reynolds number is one of the correlations that you do with one 830 00:22:22,510 --> 00:22:22,520 of the correlations that you do with one 831 00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:24,250 of the correlations that you do with one of the ways that you get the scale 832 00:22:24,250 --> 00:22:24,260 of the ways that you get the scale 833 00:22:24,260 --> 00:22:26,830 of the ways that you get the scale effects from model testing to flight 834 00:22:26,830 --> 00:22:26,840 effects from model testing to flight 835 00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:29,380 effects from model testing to flight testing the vortex generating model is 836 00:22:29,380 --> 00:22:29,390 testing the vortex generating model is 837 00:22:29,390 --> 00:22:33,190 testing the vortex generating model is mounted on the carriage and this motor 838 00:22:33,190 --> 00:22:33,200 mounted on the carriage and this motor 839 00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:35,170 mounted on the carriage and this motor driven carriage moves the model through 840 00:22:35,170 --> 00:22:35,180 driven carriage moves the model through 841 00:22:35,180 --> 00:22:38,350 driven carriage moves the model through the water channel the following models 842 00:22:38,350 --> 00:22:38,360 the water channel the following models 843 00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:40,960 the water channel the following models the small business jet is mounted on a 844 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:40,970 the small business jet is mounted on a 845 00:22:40,970 --> 00:22:43,120 the small business jet is mounted on a separate carriage downstream of the 846 00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:43,130 separate carriage downstream of the 847 00:22:43,130 --> 00:22:47,050 separate carriage downstream of the generating aircraft and the to the test 848 00:22:47,050 --> 00:22:47,060 generating aircraft and the to the test 849 00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:50,290 generating aircraft and the to the test last approximately 25 seconds and you 850 00:22:50,290 --> 00:22:50,300 last approximately 25 seconds and you 851 00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:53,140 last approximately 25 seconds and you get maybe 15 seconds of data from this 852 00:22:53,140 --> 00:22:53,150 get maybe 15 seconds of data from this 853 00:22:53,150 --> 00:22:55,660 get maybe 15 seconds of data from this test run where the two miles are moving 854 00:22:55,660 --> 00:22:55,670 test run where the two miles are moving 855 00:22:55,670 --> 00:22:57,610 test run where the two miles are moving on separate carriages through the water 856 00:22:57,610 --> 00:22:57,620 on separate carriages through the water 857 00:22:57,620 --> 00:23:00,010 on separate carriages through the water telling facilities as the test 858 00:23:00,010 --> 00:23:00,020 telling facilities as the test 859 00:23:00,020 --> 00:23:04,570 telling facilities as the test progresses dye is let out of the wing 860 00:23:04,570 --> 00:23:04,580 progresses dye is let out of the wing 861 00:23:04,580 --> 00:23:07,180 progresses dye is let out of the wing tips of the generator aircraft and this 862 00:23:07,180 --> 00:23:07,190 tips of the generator aircraft and this 863 00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:10,000 tips of the generator aircraft and this dye will swirl up in in the vortex the 864 00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:10,010 dye will swirl up in in the vortex the 865 00:23:10,010 --> 00:23:11,950 dye will swirl up in in the vortex the axial velocity so that you can actually 866 00:23:11,950 --> 00:23:11,960 axial velocity so that you can actually 867 00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:16,330 axial velocity so that you can actually see the vortex in the films that we take 868 00:23:16,330 --> 00:23:16,340 see the vortex in the films that we take 869 00:23:16,340 --> 00:23:21,950 see the vortex in the films that we take of the test 870 00:23:21,950 --> 00:23:21,960 871 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,570 results of the wake vortices research 872 00:23:24,570 --> 00:23:24,580 results of the wake vortices research 873 00:23:24,580 --> 00:23:27,510 results of the wake vortices research are encouraging while NASA is having 874 00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:27,520 are encouraging while NASA is having 875 00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:29,790 are encouraging while NASA is having success in changing airflow over the 876 00:23:29,790 --> 00:23:29,800 success in changing airflow over the 877 00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:32,220 success in changing airflow over the wings using flaps and deflectors to 878 00:23:32,220 --> 00:23:32,230 wings using flaps and deflectors to 879 00:23:32,230 --> 00:23:36,299 wings using flaps and deflectors to break up the vortices the FAA is working 880 00:23:36,299 --> 00:23:36,309 break up the vortices the FAA is working 881 00:23:36,309 --> 00:23:38,400 break up the vortices the FAA is working to develop instruments to detect and 882 00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:38,410 to develop instruments to detect and 883 00:23:38,410 --> 00:23:41,580 to develop instruments to detect and thus avoid them all part of a continuing 884 00:23:41,580 --> 00:23:41,590 thus avoid them all part of a continuing 885 00:23:41,590 --> 00:23:43,830 thus avoid them all part of a continuing effort to improve the safety and comfort 886 00:23:43,830 --> 00:23:43,840 effort to improve the safety and comfort 887 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:54,290 effort to improve the safety and comfort of air travel 888 00:23:54,290 --> 00:23:54,300 889 00:23:54,300 --> 00:23:57,500 our final historic clip is called from 890 00:23:57,500 --> 00:23:57,510 our final historic clip is called from 891 00:23:57,510 --> 00:24:11,099 our final historic clip is called from tights to wings the year is 1975 892 00:24:11,099 --> 00:24:11,109 893 00:24:11,109 --> 00:24:14,109 today sports enthusiasts around the 894 00:24:14,109 --> 00:24:14,119 today sports enthusiasts around the 895 00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:46,760 today sports enthusiasts around the world collared hang gliding 896 00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:46,770 897 00:24:46,770 --> 00:24:49,370 this is the man responsible for Co 898 00:24:49,370 --> 00:24:49,380 this is the man responsible for Co 899 00:24:49,380 --> 00:24:51,380 this is the man responsible for Co inventing the specially designed wing 900 00:24:51,380 --> 00:24:51,390 inventing the specially designed wing 901 00:24:51,390 --> 00:24:53,600 inventing the specially designed wing that is making hang gliding a rapidly 902 00:24:53,600 --> 00:24:53,610 that is making hang gliding a rapidly 903 00:24:53,610 --> 00:24:56,690 that is making hang gliding a rapidly growing sport 63 year old aeronautical 904 00:24:56,690 --> 00:24:56,700 growing sport 63 year old aeronautical 905 00:24:56,700 --> 00:25:00,080 growing sport 63 year old aeronautical engineer Francis M regalo now retired 906 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:00,090 engineer Francis M regalo now retired 907 00:25:00,090 --> 00:25:02,150 engineer Francis M regalo now retired from NASA's Langley Research Center in 908 00:25:02,150 --> 00:25:02,160 from NASA's Langley Research Center in 909 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:03,920 from NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton Virginia he and his wife 910 00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:03,930 Hampton Virginia he and his wife 911 00:25:03,930 --> 00:25:06,800 Hampton Virginia he and his wife Gertrude hukou invented the wing live in 912 00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:06,810 Gertrude hukou invented the wing live in 913 00:25:06,810 --> 00:25:09,800 Gertrude hukou invented the wing live in Kitty Hawk North Carolina regalo enjoys 914 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:09,810 Kitty Hawk North Carolina regalo enjoys 915 00:25:09,810 --> 00:25:11,780 Kitty Hawk North Carolina regalo enjoys flying a couple of times a week from 916 00:25:11,780 --> 00:25:11,790 flying a couple of times a week from 917 00:25:11,790 --> 00:25:13,910 flying a couple of times a week from what's been called the highest sand dune 918 00:25:13,910 --> 00:25:13,920 what's been called the highest sand dune 919 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:21,789 what's been called the highest sand dune on the East Coast jockey Ridge 920 00:25:21,789 --> 00:25:21,799 921 00:25:21,799 --> 00:25:29,430 turn to the left and come down four up 922 00:25:29,430 --> 00:25:29,440 turn to the left and come down four up 923 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:33,489 turn to the left and come down four up and land and what's it like to hang 924 00:25:33,489 --> 00:25:33,499 and land and what's it like to hang 925 00:25:33,499 --> 00:25:36,759 and land and what's it like to hang glide with a hang glider as with other 926 00:25:36,759 --> 00:25:36,769 glide with a hang glider as with other 927 00:25:36,769 --> 00:25:41,590 glide with a hang glider as with other aircraft you have a freedom of up and 928 00:25:41,590 --> 00:25:41,600 aircraft you have a freedom of up and 929 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:45,570 aircraft you have a freedom of up and down direction as well as the others and 930 00:25:45,570 --> 00:25:45,580 down direction as well as the others and 931 00:25:45,580 --> 00:25:48,909 down direction as well as the others and just getting your feet off the ground 932 00:25:48,909 --> 00:25:48,919 just getting your feet off the ground 933 00:25:48,919 --> 00:25:53,560 just getting your feet off the ground and being lifted by by the air it is a 934 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:53,570 and being lifted by by the air it is a 935 00:25:53,570 --> 00:25:56,950 and being lifted by by the air it is a new experience for regalo the renewed 936 00:25:56,950 --> 00:25:56,960 new experience for regalo the renewed 937 00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:59,139 new experience for regalo the renewed interest is represented by hang gliding 938 00:25:59,139 --> 00:25:59,149 interest is represented by hang gliding 939 00:25:59,149 --> 00:26:02,139 interest is represented by hang gliding takes on particular significance the big 940 00:26:02,139 --> 00:26:02,149 takes on particular significance the big 941 00:26:02,149 --> 00:26:04,629 takes on particular significance the big kites represent more than two decades of 942 00:26:04,629 --> 00:26:04,639 kites represent more than two decades of 943 00:26:04,639 --> 00:26:07,499 kites represent more than two decades of research much of it on his own time in 944 00:26:07,499 --> 00:26:07,509 research much of it on his own time in 945 00:26:07,509 --> 00:26:10,869 research much of it on his own time in 1963 he and his wife Gertrude received 946 00:26:10,869 --> 00:26:10,879 1963 he and his wife Gertrude received 947 00:26:10,879 --> 00:26:13,570 1963 he and his wife Gertrude received from NASA one of the highest cash awards 948 00:26:13,570 --> 00:26:13,580 from NASA one of the highest cash awards 949 00:26:13,580 --> 00:26:16,149 from NASA one of the highest cash awards ever given for an invention the 950 00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:16,159 ever given for an invention the 951 00:26:16,159 --> 00:26:20,710 ever given for an invention the invention was not an accident at all it 952 00:26:20,710 --> 00:26:20,720 invention was not an accident at all it 953 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:25,090 invention was not an accident at all it was a purposeful search for a kind of 954 00:26:25,090 --> 00:26:25,100 was a purposeful search for a kind of 955 00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:29,259 was a purposeful search for a kind of wing that would be less expensive more 956 00:26:29,259 --> 00:26:29,269 wing that would be less expensive more 957 00:26:29,269 --> 00:26:32,409 wing that would be less expensive more rugged more practical than the 958 00:26:32,409 --> 00:26:32,419 rugged more practical than the 959 00:26:32,419 --> 00:26:37,379 rugged more practical than the conventional kind of wing and we studied 960 00:26:37,379 --> 00:26:37,389 conventional kind of wing and we studied 961 00:26:37,389 --> 00:26:40,659 conventional kind of wing and we studied everything along that line that there 962 00:26:40,659 --> 00:26:40,669 everything along that line that there 963 00:26:40,669 --> 00:26:44,639 everything along that line that there had already been like boat sails 964 00:26:44,639 --> 00:26:44,649 had already been like boat sails 965 00:26:44,649 --> 00:26:49,210 had already been like boat sails windmills parachutes and and airplane 966 00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:49,220 windmills parachutes and and airplane 967 00:26:49,220 --> 00:26:53,759 windmills parachutes and and airplane wings before coming up with this design 968 00:26:53,759 --> 00:26:53,769 wings before coming up with this design 969 00:26:53,769 --> 00:26:55,749 wings before coming up with this design experimenting with small gliders and 970 00:26:55,749 --> 00:26:55,759 experimenting with small gliders and 971 00:26:55,759 --> 00:26:58,210 experimenting with small gliders and kites a good performing completely 972 00:26:58,210 --> 00:26:58,220 kites a good performing completely 973 00:26:58,220 --> 00:27:01,509 kites a good performing completely flexible wing finally evolved in 1948 974 00:27:01,509 --> 00:27:01,519 flexible wing finally evolved in 1948 975 00:27:01,519 --> 00:27:04,419 flexible wing finally evolved in 1948 ten years later NASA was searching for 976 00:27:04,419 --> 00:27:04,429 ten years later NASA was searching for 977 00:27:04,429 --> 00:27:06,460 ten years later NASA was searching for devices that could be used to bring 978 00:27:06,460 --> 00:27:06,470 devices that could be used to bring 979 00:27:06,470 --> 00:27:08,830 devices that could be used to bring astronauts in their spacecraft to a safe 980 00:27:08,830 --> 00:27:08,840 astronauts in their spacecraft to a safe 981 00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:11,950 astronauts in their spacecraft to a safe landing on earth early versions had many 982 00:27:11,950 --> 00:27:11,960 landing on earth early versions had many 983 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:15,009 landing on earth early versions had many names paraglider para wing gliding 984 00:27:15,009 --> 00:27:15,019 names paraglider para wing gliding 985 00:27:15,019 --> 00:27:18,430 names paraglider para wing gliding parachute and flexible wings the basic 986 00:27:18,430 --> 00:27:18,440 parachute and flexible wings the basic 987 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:21,129 parachute and flexible wings the basic design seen in all these can be seen in 988 00:27:21,129 --> 00:27:21,139 design seen in all these can be seen in 989 00:27:21,139 --> 00:27:22,370 design seen in all these can be seen in most hang glider 990 00:27:22,370 --> 00:27:22,380 most hang glider 991 00:27:22,380 --> 00:27:25,400 most hang glider flying today intensive testing ranged 992 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:25,410 flying today intensive testing ranged 993 00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:27,410 flying today intensive testing ranged all the way from small wind tunnel 994 00:27:27,410 --> 00:27:27,420 all the way from small wind tunnel 995 00:27:27,420 --> 00:27:29,690 all the way from small wind tunnel models to full-scale flight tests 996 00:27:29,690 --> 00:27:29,700 models to full-scale flight tests 997 00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:31,700 models to full-scale flight tests complete with man and spacecraft 998 00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:31,710 complete with man and spacecraft 999 00:27:31,710 --> 00:27:39,080 complete with man and spacecraft attached while the regalo wing as it is 1000 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:39,090 attached while the regalo wing as it is 1001 00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:40,790 attached while the regalo wing as it is known by many as had limited 1002 00:27:40,790 --> 00:27:40,800 known by many as had limited 1003 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:43,190 known by many as had limited applications regalo himself is 1004 00:27:43,190 --> 00:27:43,200 applications regalo himself is 1005 00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,200 applications regalo himself is optimistic that the new interest 1006 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:45,210 optimistic that the new interest 1007 00:27:45,210 --> 00:27:47,600 optimistic that the new interest generated by some 20,000 Flyers 1008 00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:47,610 generated by some 20,000 Flyers 1009 00:27:47,610 --> 00:27:50,690 generated by some 20,000 Flyers worldwide will produce other uses in the 1010 00:27:50,690 --> 00:27:50,700 worldwide will produce other uses in the 1011 00:27:50,700 --> 00:27:55,700 worldwide will produce other uses in the future 1012 00:27:55,700 --> 00:27:55,710 1013 00:27:55,710 --> 00:27:58,050 that's it for this edition of NASA 1014 00:27:58,050 --> 00:27:58,060 that's it for this edition of NASA 1015 00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:01,050 that's it for this edition of NASA images until next time this is Lynn 1016 00:28:01,050 --> 00:28:01,060 images until next time this is Lynn 1017 00:28:01,060 --> 00:28:02,820 images until next time this is Lynn Bondurant saying goodbye from the NASA 1018 00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:02,830 Bondurant saying goodbye from the NASA 1019 00:28:02,830 --> 00:29:04,530 Bondurant saying goodbye from the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio 1020 00:29:04,530 --> 00:29:04,540 1021 00:29:04,540 --> 00:29:06,600 you